變頻器(qi)是(shi)可調速驅動(dong)系統的一種，是(shi)應用(yong)(yong)變頻驅動(dong)技術(shu)改(gai)變交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)工作電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的頻率和(he)幅度(du)，來平滑(hua)控制交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)速度(du)及(ji)(ji)(ji)轉矩，常見(jian)的是(shi)輸(shu)入及(ji)(ji)(ji)輸(shu)出都是(shi)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)的交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)/交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)轉換器(qi)。它的應用(yong)(yong)范圍很廣，從小型家電(dian)(dian)到大型的礦場研磨(mo)機(ji)及(ji)(ji)(ji)壓(ya)縮機(ji)。但是(shi)，如(ru)果通(tong)用(yong)(yong)變頻器(qi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)不當，操作有誤，維(wei)護不及(ji)(ji)(ji)時，仍會發生故障或運(yun)行(xing)狀況改(gai)變縮短設(she)備(bei)的使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命。因(yin)此，日常的維(wei)護與檢(jian)修工作顯得尤為重要。 1.注意事項
操(cao)(cao)作人員需要(yao)熟悉變頻(pin)器(qi)的基(ji)本工(gong)作原理、功能特點，具有(you)電工(gong)操(cao)(cao)作基(ji)本知(zhi)識。在對變頻(pin)器(qi)檢查(cha)及保(bao)養之前(qian)，需要(yao)在設(she)備(bei)總(zong)電源(yuan)全部切斷；并且等(deng)變頻(pin)器(qi)Chang燈*熄滅的情況下進行。
2.日常檢(jian)查事項
變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)上電(dian)之前應先檢(jian)查(cha)周圍環境的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)及濕度(du)，溫(wen)(wen)度(du)過(guo)高(gao)會(hui)導(dao)致變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)過(guo)熱(re)報警(jing)，嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)會(hui)直接導(dao)致變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)功率(lv)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件損壞、電(dian)路短路；空氣過(guo)于潮濕會(hui)導(dao)致變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)部直接短路。在(zai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)運行(xing)時要注意其冷卻系(xi)統(tong)(tong)是否(fou)(fou)正常(chang)，如(ru)：風(feng)道排風(feng)是否(fou)(fou)流(liu)暢，風(feng)機(ji)是否(fou)(fou)有異常(chang)聲(sheng)音。一般(ban)防護等級比(bi)較高(gao)的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)如(ru)：IP20以(yi)上的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)可直接敞開安裝，IP20以(yi)下的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一般(ban)應是柜式安裝，所以(yi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)柜散熱(re)效果如(ru)何將直接影響(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)正常(chang)運行(xing)，變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)排風(feng)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)如(ru)風(feng)扇旋轉是否(fou)(fou)流(liu)暢，進(jin)風(feng)口(kou)是否(fou)(fou)有灰塵及堵塞(sai)物都是我們日常(chang)檢(jian)查(cha)不(bu)可忽略的(de)(de)地方。電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)電(dian)抗器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等是否(fou)(fou)過(guo)熱(re)，有異味；變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)及馬達是否(fou)(fou)有異常(chang)響(xiang)聲(sheng)；變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)面板電(dian)流(liu)顯示(shi)是否(fou)(fou)偏大或(huo)電(dian)流(liu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化幅度(du)太(tai)大，輸出UVW三(san)相電(dian)壓與電(dian)流(liu)是否(fou)(fou)平衡。
3.定(ding)期保養
清掃空氣過濾器(qi)冷卻風道及內部(bu)灰塵。檢查螺(luo)絲(si)釘、螺(luo)栓以及即(ji)插件等是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)松動(dong)(dong)，輸入(ru)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗器(qi)的(de)對地(di)及相間電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)有(you)短(duan)路現(xian)象，正(zheng)(zheng)常應(ying)大于幾十兆歐。導(dao)體及絕緣體是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)有(you)腐蝕現(xian)象，如有(you)要(yao)及時(shi)用(yong)酒精(jing)擦試干凈。如條(tiao)件允許(xu)的(de)情(qing)況下，要(yao)用(yong)示波器(qi)測量開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)(dian)源輸出各(ge)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)平穩性，如：5V、12V、15V、24V等電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。測量驅動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路各(ge)路波形的(de)方波是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)有(you)畸變(bian)。UVW相間波形是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)為正(zheng)(zheng)弦波。接觸器(qi)的(de)觸點是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)有(you)打火痕跡，嚴重的(de)要(yao)跟換同(tong)型號或大于原容(rong)量的(de)新品；確認控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)正(zheng)(zheng)確性，進行(xing)順序(xu)保護動(dong)(dong)作試驗；確認保護顯示回路無異常；確認變(bian)頻器(qi)在單獨運行(xing)時(shi)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)平衡度。建(jian)議定期(qi)檢查，應(ying)一年(nian)進行(xing)一次(ci)。
4.備件的定(ding)期更換
變(bian)頻器由多(duo)種部件組成(cheng)，其中一(yi)些部件經長期工作后其性能會逐漸降低、老化，這也是變(bian)頻器發生故障的主要原因，為(wei)了(le)保(bao)證設備長期的正常運轉，下列器件應定(ding)期更換(huan)：
（1）冷卻風扇
變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)的功(gong)率模(mo)塊是(shi)發熱嚴重的器(qi)件，其連(lian)續工作所產生的熱量需要(yao)及時排(pai)出，一(yi)(yi)般風扇(shan)的壽命大約(yue)為10Kh—40Kh。按變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)連(lian)續運行(xing)折(zhe)算為2—3年就要(yao)更(geng)換(huan)一(yi)(yi)次風扇(shan)，直接冷卻風扇(shan)有(you)二線(xian)(xian)和三(san)線(xian)(xian)之分，二線(xian)(xian)風扇(shan)其中一(yi)(yi)線(xian)(xian)為正極(ji)，另一(yi)(yi)線(xian)(xian)為負極(ji)，更(geng)換(huan)時不(bu)要(yao)接錯；三(san)線(xian)(xian)風扇(shan)除了正、負極(ji)外還有(you)一(yi)(yi)根檢測線(xian)(xian)，更(geng)換(huan)時千萬注(zhu)意(yi)，否則會(hui)引起變(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)過熱報警(jing)。交流風扇(shan)一(yi)(yi)般為220V、380V之分，更(geng)換(huan)時電壓等級不(bu)要(yao)搞錯。
（2）濾(lv)波電(dian)容
中(zhong)間(jian)電(dian)路濾波電(dian)容(rong)：又稱電(dian)解電(dian)容(rong)，其(qi)(qi)主要作用(yong)就是(shi)平滑直流(liu)電(dian)壓，吸收(shou)直流(liu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)頻諧波，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)連續工作產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱量(liang)加上(shang)變(bian)(bian)頻器本身(shen)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱量(liang)都會(hui)加快其(qi)(qi)電(dian)解液的(de)(de)(de)(de)干涸，直接影響(xiang)其(qi)(qi)容(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)小(xiao)。正常情(qing)況下(xia)電(dian)容(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命(ming)為5年(nian)。建(jian)議每年(nian)定(ding)期檢查電(dian)容(rong)容(rong)量(liang)一次(ci)，一般(ban)其(qi)(qi)容(rong)量(liang)減少20%以上(shang)應更換。為保證你的(de)(de)(de)(de)設備(bei)能穩定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作，請大(da)家多花(hua)一些時間(jian)與精力來保養你的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)頻器。
